Human Development Report-2015: Work for Human Development (1) - Rawan For Media Artistic and Production
Work is a major foundation for both the richness of economies and the
richness of human lives but has tended to be conceptualized in economic
terms rather than in human development terms.
This
Report starts with a fundamental question- how can work enhance human
development? The Report takes a broad view of work, going beyond jobs
and taking into account such activities as unpaid care work, voluntary
work and creative work- all of which contribute to the richness of human
lives.
The
Report highlights impressive progress on human development over the
past quarter century. Today people are living longer, more children are
in school and more people have access to clean water and basic
sanitation. Per capita income in the world has gone up, and poverty has
gone down, resulting in a better standard of living for many people. The
digital revolution has connected people across countries and societies.
Work has contributed to this progress by building people’s
capabilities.
Decent
work has provided people with a sense of dignity and an opportunity to
engage fully in society. Considerable challenges remain, from persistent
poverty and grinding inequalities to climate change and environmental
sustainability in general, and to conflict and instability.
The Report argues that if the potential of all people is harnessed
through appropriate strategies and proper policies, human progress would
be accelerated and human development deficits would be reduced.
The
Report reminds us that there is no automatic link between work and
human development. The quality of work is an important dimension of
ensuring that work enhances human development.
Some
work is very damaging to human development, such as child labour,
forced labour and the labour of trafficked workers, all of which
constitute serious violations of human rights.
All these issues are becoming even more critical to address as the
world of work, driven by globalization and technological revolution, is
undergoing rapid changes.
Globalization has generated gains for some and losses for others. The
digital revolution has created new opportunities, but has also given
rise to new challenges, such as irregular contracts and short-term work,
which are asymmetrically distributed between highly skilled and
unskilled workers.
The
Report makes a strong case that women are disadvantaged in the world of
work— in both paid and unpaid work. In the realm of paid work, they are
engaged in the workforce less than men, they earn less, their work
tends to be more vulnerable and they are underrepresented in senior
management and decision making positions.
The
Report identifies sustainable work, which promotes human development
while reducing and eliminating negative side effects and unintended
consequences, as a major building block of sustainable development. Such
work would expand opportunities for the present generation without
shrinking those for future ones.
The
Report argues that enhancing human development through work requires
policies and strategies in three broad areas— creating work
opportunities, ensuring workers’ well-being and developing targeted
actions.
The
first area focuses on national employment strategies and seizing
opportunities in the changing world of work, while the second area
covers such important issues as guaranteeing workers’ rights and
benefits, expanding social protection and addressing inequalities.
Targeted actions should focus on sustainable work, addressing
imbalances in paid and unpaid work and interventions for specific
groups— for example, for youth and people with disabilities.
Above all, there needs to be an agenda for action pursuing a New Social Contract, a Global Deal, and the Decent Work Agenda.
This
year’s Report is particularly timely, following shortly after the UN
Sustainable Development Summit, where the new Sustainable Development
Goals were adopted, including Goal 8’s explicit emphasis on work:
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment, and decent work for all.
In this context there should be serious discussion about the challenges created by the ongoing changes in the world of work.
Work
enables people to earn a livelihood and be economically secure. It is
critical for equitable economic growth, poverty reduction and gender
equality.
It also allows people to fully participate in society while affording
them a sense of dignity and worth. Work can contribute to the public
good, and work that involves caring for others builds cohesion and bonds
within families and communities.
Work also strengthens societies.
Human beings working together not only increase material well-being,
they also accumulate a wide body of knowledge that is the basis for
culture and civilizations.
And when all this work is environmentally friendly, the benefits extend
across generations. Ultimately, work unleashes human potential, human
creativity and the human spirit. This year’s Human Development Report
explores how work can enhance human development, given that the world of
work is changing fast and that substantial human development challenges
remain.
And
it examines the link between work and human development, focusing on
care work as well as paid work and discussing sustainable work.
The Report also makes the points that the link between work and human
development is not automatic and that some work, such as forced labour,
can damage human development by violating human rights, shattering human
dignity and sacrificing freedom and autonomy. And without proper
policies, work’s unequal opportunities and rewards can be divisive,
perpetuating inequities in society. The Report concludes that work can
enhance human development when policies expand productive, remunerative
and satisfying work opportunities, enhance workers’ skills and potential
and ensure their rights, safety and well-being. The Report also pursues
an action agenda based on a New Social Contract, a Global Deal and the
Decent Work Agenda. Twenty-five years ago the first Human Development
Report presented the concept of human development, a simple notion with
far-reaching implications.
For too long, the world had been preoccupied with material opulence,
pushing people to the periphery. The human development framework, taking
a people-centred approach, changed the lens for viewing development
needs, bringing the lives of people to the forefront.
It
emphasized that the true aim of development is not only to boost
incomes, but also to maximize human choices— by enhancing human rights,
freedoms, capabilities and opportunities and by enabling people to lead
long, healthy and creative lives.
The
human development concept is complemented with a measure— the Human
Development that assesses human well-being from a broad perspective,
going beyond income.
With this simple but powerful notion of people-centred development,
nearly two dozen global Human Development Reports and more than 700
national Human Development Reports have been produced over the past 25
years.
They
have contributed to the development discourse, assessed development
results, spurred research and innovative thinking and recommended
policy.
From a human development perspective, the notion of work is broader and deeper than that of jobs or employment alone.
Jobs provide income and support human dignity, participation and
economic security. But the jobs framework fails to capture many kinds of
work that have important human development implications- as with care
work, voluntary work and such creative work as writing or painting.
The
link between work and human development is synergistic. Work enhances
human development by providing incomes and livelihoods, by reducing
poverty and by ensuring equitable growth. Human development— by
enhancing health, knowledge, skills and awareness— increases human
capital and broadens opportunities and choices. Since 1990 the world has
made major strides in human development. The global HDI value has
increased by more than a quarter and that of the least developed
countries by more than half.
This
progress has been fairly steady over time and across regions. The
number of people living in low human development fell from 3 billion in
1990 to slightly more than 1 billion in 2014.
Today,
people are living longer, more children are going to school and more
people have access to clean water and basic sanitation.
A digital revolution now connects people across societies and
countries. Just as important, political developments are enabling more
people than ever to live under democratic regimes. All are important
facets of human development.
Between
1990 and 2015 income poverty in developing country regions fell by more
than two-thirds. The number of extreme poor people worldwide fell from
1.9 billion to 836 million.
The
child mortality rate fell by more than half, and under-five deaths fell
from 12.7 million to 6 million. More than 2.6 billion people gained
access to an improved source of drinking water, and 2.1 billion gained
access to improved sanitation facilities, even as the world’s population
rose from 5.3 billion to 7.3 billion.
Work
in various forms by 7.3 billion people has contributed to this
progress. Nearly a billion, people who work in agriculture and more than
500 million family farms produce more than 80 percent of the world’s
food, improving nutrition and health. Worldwide, 80 million workers in
health and education have enhanced human capabilities. More than a
billion workers in services have contributed to human progress.
Work
has a societal value that goes beyond the gains of individual workers.
More than 450 million entrepreneurs are contributing to human innovation
and creativity.
Some 53 million paid domestic workers are addressing the care needs of
people. Care work for children is preparing them for the future. Work
that involves caring for older people or people with disabilities is
helping them maintain their capabilities. Work by artists, musicians and
writers are enriching human lives.
More than 970 million people who engage in volunteer activity each year
are helping families and communities, building social networks and
contributing to social cohesion options.
By Alula Berhe Kidani, 15 hours 58 minutes ago
Human
development is a process of enlarging people’s choices— as they acquire
more capabilities and enjoy more opportunities to use those
capabilities. But human development is also the objective, so it is both
a process and an outcome.
development is a process of enlarging people’s choices— as they acquire
more capabilities and enjoy more opportunities to use those
capabilities. But human development is also the objective, so it is both
a process and an outcome.
Human development implies that people must influence the process that shapes their lives.
In
all this, economic growth is an important means to human development,
but not the goal. Human development is development of the people through
building human capabilities, for the people by improving their lives
and by the people through active participation in the processes that
shape their lives.
all this, economic growth is an important means to human development,
but not the goal. Human development is development of the people through
building human capabilities, for the people by improving their lives
and by the people through active participation in the processes that
shape their lives.
It
is broader than other approaches, such as the human resource approach;
the basic needs approach and the human welfare approach.
The
2015 Human Development Report is the latest in the series of the global
Human Development Reports published by United Development Programme
(UNDP) since 1990 as independent, analytically and empirically grounded
discussions of major development issues, trends and policies. This year
report focus on the important issue of working for human development and
which will focus on in a serious of articles in this page.
In
the, Forward, to the Report, the UNDP Administrator Ms. Helen Clarg
wrote that Twenty five years ago the first Human Development Report in
1990 began with a simple notion: that development is about enlarging
people’s choices—focusing broadly, on the richness of human lives rather
than narrowly on the richness of economies.
is broader than other approaches, such as the human resource approach;
the basic needs approach and the human welfare approach.
The
2015 Human Development Report is the latest in the series of the global
Human Development Reports published by United Development Programme
(UNDP) since 1990 as independent, analytically and empirically grounded
discussions of major development issues, trends and policies. This year
report focus on the important issue of working for human development and
which will focus on in a serious of articles in this page.
In
the, Forward, to the Report, the UNDP Administrator Ms. Helen Clarg
wrote that Twenty five years ago the first Human Development Report in
1990 began with a simple notion: that development is about enlarging
people’s choices—focusing broadly, on the richness of human lives rather
than narrowly on the richness of economies.
Work is a major foundation for both the richness of economies and the
richness of human lives but has tended to be conceptualized in economic
terms rather than in human development terms.
The 2015 Human Development Report goes beyond that convention in directly linking work to the richness of human lives.
This
Report starts with a fundamental question- how can work enhance human
development? The Report takes a broad view of work, going beyond jobs
and taking into account such activities as unpaid care work, voluntary
work and creative work- all of which contribute to the richness of human
lives.
The
Report highlights impressive progress on human development over the
past quarter century. Today people are living longer, more children are
in school and more people have access to clean water and basic
sanitation. Per capita income in the world has gone up, and poverty has
gone down, resulting in a better standard of living for many people. The
digital revolution has connected people across countries and societies.
Work has contributed to this progress by building people’s
capabilities.
Decent
work has provided people with a sense of dignity and an opportunity to
engage fully in society. Considerable challenges remain, from persistent
poverty and grinding inequalities to climate change and environmental
sustainability in general, and to conflict and instability.
These
all create barriers to people fully engaging in decent work, and as a
result huge amounts of human potential remain untapped.
all create barriers to people fully engaging in decent work, and as a
result huge amounts of human potential remain untapped.
This is of particular concern for young people, women, and people with disabilities and others who may be marginalized.
The Report argues that if the potential of all people is harnessed
through appropriate strategies and proper policies, human progress would
be accelerated and human development deficits would be reduced.
The
Report reminds us that there is no automatic link between work and
human development. The quality of work is an important dimension of
ensuring that work enhances human development.
Issues such as discrimination and violence, however, prevent positive links between work and human development.
Some
work is very damaging to human development, such as child labour,
forced labour and the labour of trafficked workers, all of which
constitute serious violations of human rights.
In many cases workers in hazardous conditions face serious risks of abuse, insecurity and loss of freedom and autonomy.
All these issues are becoming even more critical to address as the
world of work, driven by globalization and technological revolution, is
undergoing rapid changes.
Globalization has generated gains for some and losses for others. The
digital revolution has created new opportunities, but has also given
rise to new challenges, such as irregular contracts and short-term work,
which are asymmetrically distributed between highly skilled and
unskilled workers.
The
Report makes a strong case that women are disadvantaged in the world of
work— in both paid and unpaid work. In the realm of paid work, they are
engaged in the workforce less than men, they earn less, their work
tends to be more vulnerable and they are underrepresented in senior
management and decision making positions.
In terms of unpaid work, they bear a disproportionate share of the housework and care work.
The
Report identifies sustainable work, which promotes human development
while reducing and eliminating negative side effects and unintended
consequences, as a major building block of sustainable development. Such
work would expand opportunities for the present generation without
shrinking those for future ones.
The
Report argues that enhancing human development through work requires
policies and strategies in three broad areas— creating work
opportunities, ensuring workers’ well-being and developing targeted
actions.
The
first area focuses on national employment strategies and seizing
opportunities in the changing world of work, while the second area
covers such important issues as guaranteeing workers’ rights and
benefits, expanding social protection and addressing inequalities.
Targeted actions should focus on sustainable work, addressing
imbalances in paid and unpaid work and interventions for specific
groups— for example, for youth and people with disabilities.
Above all, there needs to be an agenda for action pursuing a New Social Contract, a Global Deal, and the Decent Work Agenda.
This
year’s Report is particularly timely, following shortly after the UN
Sustainable Development Summit, where the new Sustainable Development
Goals were adopted, including Goal 8’s explicit emphasis on work:
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment, and decent work for all.
In this context there should be serious discussion about the challenges created by the ongoing changes in the world of work.
Opportunities
should be taken to strengthen the links between work and human
development. During the past 25 years the human development concept,
reports and indices have generated considerable debate, dialogue and
discussions around the world on development challenges and policy
issues. I expect this year’s report to be no exception in its capacity
to generate dialogue and debate around the concept of human development
and strategies to advance it.
Overview
Human
development is about enlarging human choices— focus on the richness of
human lives rather than simply the richness of economies. Critical to
this process is work, which engages people all over the world in
different ways and takes up a major part of their lives. Of the world’s
7.3 billion people, 3.2 billion are in jobs, and others engage in care
work, creative work, voluntary work or other kinds of work or are
preparing themselves as future workers. Some of this work contributes to
human development, and some does not.
should be taken to strengthen the links between work and human
development. During the past 25 years the human development concept,
reports and indices have generated considerable debate, dialogue and
discussions around the world on development challenges and policy
issues. I expect this year’s report to be no exception in its capacity
to generate dialogue and debate around the concept of human development
and strategies to advance it.
Overview
Human
development is about enlarging human choices— focus on the richness of
human lives rather than simply the richness of economies. Critical to
this process is work, which engages people all over the world in
different ways and takes up a major part of their lives. Of the world’s
7.3 billion people, 3.2 billion are in jobs, and others engage in care
work, creative work, voluntary work or other kinds of work or are
preparing themselves as future workers. Some of this work contributes to
human development, and some does not.
Some work even damages human development.
Work
enables people to earn a livelihood and be economically secure. It is
critical for equitable economic growth, poverty reduction and gender
equality.
It also allows people to fully participate in society while affording
them a sense of dignity and worth. Work can contribute to the public
good, and work that involves caring for others builds cohesion and bonds
within families and communities.
Work also strengthens societies.
Human beings working together not only increase material well-being,
they also accumulate a wide body of knowledge that is the basis for
culture and civilizations.
And when all this work is environmentally friendly, the benefits extend
across generations. Ultimately, work unleashes human potential, human
creativity and the human spirit. This year’s Human Development Report
explores how work can enhance human development, given that the world of
work is changing fast and that substantial human development challenges
remain.
The Report takes a broad view of work, including voluntary work and creative work, thus going beyond jobs.
And
it examines the link between work and human development, focusing on
care work as well as paid work and discussing sustainable work.
The Report also makes the points that the link between work and human
development is not automatic and that some work, such as forced labour,
can damage human development by violating human rights, shattering human
dignity and sacrificing freedom and autonomy. And without proper
policies, work’s unequal opportunities and rewards can be divisive,
perpetuating inequities in society. The Report concludes that work can
enhance human development when policies expand productive, remunerative
and satisfying work opportunities, enhance workers’ skills and potential
and ensure their rights, safety and well-being. The Report also pursues
an action agenda based on a New Social Contract, a Global Deal and the
Decent Work Agenda. Twenty-five years ago the first Human Development
Report presented the concept of human development, a simple notion with
far-reaching implications.
For too long, the world had been preoccupied with material opulence,
pushing people to the periphery. The human development framework, taking
a people-centred approach, changed the lens for viewing development
needs, bringing the lives of people to the forefront.
It
emphasized that the true aim of development is not only to boost
incomes, but also to maximize human choices— by enhancing human rights,
freedoms, capabilities and opportunities and by enabling people to lead
long, healthy and creative lives.
The
human development concept is complemented with a measure— the Human
Development that assesses human well-being from a broad perspective,
going beyond income.
With this simple but powerful notion of people-centred development,
nearly two dozen global Human Development Reports and more than 700
national Human Development Reports have been produced over the past 25
years.
They
have contributed to the development discourse, assessed development
results, spurred research and innovative thinking and recommended
policy.
From a human development perspective, the notion of work is broader and deeper than that of jobs or employment alone.
Jobs provide income and support human dignity, participation and
economic security. But the jobs framework fails to capture many kinds of
work that have important human development implications- as with care
work, voluntary work and such creative work as writing or painting.
The
link between work and human development is synergistic. Work enhances
human development by providing incomes and livelihoods, by reducing
poverty and by ensuring equitable growth. Human development— by
enhancing health, knowledge, skills and awareness— increases human
capital and broadens opportunities and choices. Since 1990 the world has
made major strides in human development. The global HDI value has
increased by more than a quarter and that of the least developed
countries by more than half.
This
progress has been fairly steady over time and across regions. The
number of people living in low human development fell from 3 billion in
1990 to slightly more than 1 billion in 2014.
Today,
people are living longer, more children are going to school and more
people have access to clean water and basic sanitation.
This progress goes hand in hand with rising incomes, producing the highest standards of living in human history.
A digital revolution now connects people across societies and
countries. Just as important, political developments are enabling more
people than ever to live under democratic regimes. All are important
facets of human development.
Between
1990 and 2015 income poverty in developing country regions fell by more
than two-thirds. The number of extreme poor people worldwide fell from
1.9 billion to 836 million.
The
child mortality rate fell by more than half, and under-five deaths fell
from 12.7 million to 6 million. More than 2.6 billion people gained
access to an improved source of drinking water, and 2.1 billion gained
access to improved sanitation facilities, even as the world’s population
rose from 5.3 billion to 7.3 billion.
Work
in various forms by 7.3 billion people has contributed to this
progress. Nearly a billion, people who work in agriculture and more than
500 million family farms produce more than 80 percent of the world’s
food, improving nutrition and health. Worldwide, 80 million workers in
health and education have enhanced human capabilities. More than a
billion workers in services have contributed to human progress.
In China and India 23 million jobs in clean energy are increasing environmental sustainability.
Work
has a societal value that goes beyond the gains of individual workers.
More than 450 million entrepreneurs are contributing to human innovation
and creativity.
Some 53 million paid domestic workers are addressing the care needs of
people. Care work for children is preparing them for the future. Work
that involves caring for older people or people with disabilities is
helping them maintain their capabilities. Work by artists, musicians and
writers are enriching human lives.
More than 970 million people who engage in volunteer activity each year
are helping families and communities, building social networks and
contributing to social cohesion options.
By Alula Berhe Kidani, 15 hours 58 minutes ago
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